Question

The reform movements brought a cultural awakening. India saw a rapid development in the field of literature, science and art. There was a remarkable Improvement in the status and education of women. Laws were enforced to curb social evils. The reform movements created a middle class of teachers, doctors, lawyers, scientists and journalists. This enlightened and educated class played a crucial and constructive role in the progress of India.

During the reform movements, the opposition to the caste system spread throughout India and among all sections of the society. Many English educated Indians learnt Sanskrit and translated books into English. The spirit of national pride instilled patriotism and prepared the ground for the rise of nationalism in India.